A comprehensive day-ahead scheduling strategy for electric vehicles operation

Distribution networks are envisaged to host significant number of electric vehicles and potentially many charging stations in the future provide as well vehicle-2-grid services vehicle owners. The main goal this study is develop a comprehensive day-ahead scheduling framework achieve an economically rewarding operation for ecosystem vehicles, retailers using optimal charging/discharging strategy that accounts network constraints. To do so, equilibrium problem solved three-layer iterative optimisation all stakeholders ecosystem. EV routing based on cost-benefit analysis rather than choosing shortest route. proposed method can be implemented cloud system operated by non-profit entity, e.g., distribution operators or service providers, whose role collect required information from agents, perform scheduling, ultimately communicate results relevant stakeholders. evaluate effectiveness framework, simulation study, including three retailers, one aggregator, nine 600 designed real data San Francisco, USA. show total cost decreased 17.6%, revenue increased 21.1% 22.6%, respectively, comparison with base case strategy.